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Émile Nelligan (December 24, 1879 – November 18, 1941) was a francophone poet from Quebec, Canada. ==Biography== Nelligan was born in Montreal on December 24, 1879 at 602, rue de La Gauchetière. He was the first son of David Nelligan, who arrived in Quebec from Dublin, Ireland at the age of 12. His mother was Émilie Amanda Hudon, from Rimouski, Quebec. He had two sisters, Béatrice and Gertrude. A follower of Symbolism, he produced poetry profoundly influenced by Octave Crémazie, Louis Fréchette, Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Georges Rodenbach, Maurice Rollinat and Edgar Allan Poe. A precocious talent like Arthur Rimbaud, he published his first poems in Montreal at the age of 16. In 1899, Nelligan suffered a major psychotic breakdown from which he never recovered. He never had a chance to finish his first poetry work which - according to his last notes - he would have entitled ''Le Récital des Anges''. At the time, rumor and speculation suggested that he went insane because of the vast cultural and language differences between his mother and father. In recent years, however, a number of books and biographical films, including Robert Favreau's 1991 biopic ''Nelligan'', have postulated that Nelligan was gay.〔"Émile Nelligan, interné parce que gai?" ''Désautels'', January 14, 2011.〕 Some of these sources suggest that he became mentally ill due to inner conflict between his sexuality and his religious upbringing, while others suggest that he never went insane at all, but was involuntarily committed to the asylum by his family for homophobic reasons.〔Gaëtan Dostie, ("Nelligan et de Bussières créés par Dantin ?" ). ''Le Patriote''. Republished by the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal, July 22, 2015.〕 No biographical sources published during Nelligan's lifetime contain any confirmed record of Nelligan having had any sexual or romantic relationships with either men or women,〔Émile J. Talbot, ''Reading Nelligan''. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002. ISBN 0773523189.〕 although some posthumous sources have suggested that he may have been the lover of poet Arthur de Bussières.〔 Within the ''École littéraire de Montréal'' circle with which both Nelligan and Bussières were associated, it was widely believed that Nelligan was confined to the asylum because his mother discovered him and Bussières in bed together,〔 although this claim was not widely publicized until the late 20th century and remains unconfirmed. In 1903, his collected poems were published to great acclaim in Canada. He may not have been aware that he was counted among French Canada's greatest poets. On his passing in 1941, Nelligan was interred in the Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges in Montreal, Quebec. Following his death, the public became increasingly interested in Nelligan. His incomplete work spawned a kind of romantic legend. He was first translated into English in 1960 by P.F. Widdows. In 1983, Fred Cogswell translated all his poems in ''The Complete Poems of Émile Nelligan''. Nelligan is considered one of the greatest poets of French Canada. Several schools and libraries in Quebec are named after him, and Hotel Nelligan is a four-star hotel in Old Montreal at the corner of Rue St. Paul and Rue St. Sulpice. In her 2013 book ''Le Naufragé du Vaisseau d'or'', Yvette Francoli claimed that Louis Dantin, the publisher of Nelligan's poems, was in fact their real author.〔("L’imposture Nelligan" ). ''L'actualité'', November 14, 2014.〕 This claim was also previously advanced by Claude-Henri Grignon in his 1936 essay ''Les Pamphlets de Valdombre'',〔 although Dantin himself denied having had anything more than an editing role in the poems' creation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Émile Nelligan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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